The best way to provide SPICE control statements is simply to add them via placing text directly in the schematic itself. Now we need to tell SPICE (ngspice) what we want to simulate. Click OK when you’re done and also close the Symbol Properties window as well by clicking OK again. The entries within the Spice Model Editor window should look like those shown below. To fix this issue, enable the Alternate node sequence option with a value of “ 3 2 1“, effectively swapping the collector and emitter pin assignments. This can cause great confusion for users wondering what the heck is going on. For example, the standard SPICE pin assignments for a BJT transistor are pin 1 = collector, pin 2 = base, and pin 3 = emitter, whereas KiCad uses 1 = E, 2 = B, and 3 = C. KiCad uses different pin assignments for semiconductor components than is expected by the ngspice engine. Select 2N2222 for the Model field and BJT for the Type field. The Library field will be populated with the library file name.
Load the model file we created by clicking the Select file… button and then choosing the 2N2222.LIB file. Click the Edit Spice Model… button to open the Spice Model Editor and then open the Model tab. This involves operating the transistor in saturation mode, i.e., V E V C for NPN and V E > V B Edit Properties… from the contextual menu. Schematic Diagram Of Transistor Switch Circuit For instance, the maximum current ratings of the GPIO pins for the Arduino Uno is 20 mA and the Raspberry Pi is 16 mA. Sometimes a BJT transistor is used as a switch to drive higher loads (current) than is typically capable from a microcontroller’s GPIO output pins. Linux, macOS, Or Windows Based Computer.
The resources created for this tutorial are available on GitHub for your reference. I will instead concentrate on how to set up and run simulations in KiCad because that material is not as readily available. There are already quite a few tutorials and resources on the internet to help you with creating schematics, including the KiCad Eeschema manual. The focus of this article will be on running circuit simulations within KiCad, not on how to create a schematic.
A basic understanding of electronics is expected along with knowing how to create schematic diagrams in KiCad. This tutorial will teach you how to run a circuit simulation in KiCad.
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